What is the most toxic reactive O species?

What is the most toxic reactive O species?

Answer: superoxide anion

What do protective enzymes do?

What do protective enzymes do?

Answer: scavenge toxic derivatives of molecular oxygen (superoxide radicals)

What catalyzes the reduction of molecular oxygen to water?

What catalyzes the reduction of molecular oxygen to water?

Answer: cytochrome c oxidase

What does the Q cycle do?

What does the Q cycle do?

Answer: funnels electrons from 2 e- carrier to 1 e- carrier and pumps protons, mechanism for coupling electron transfer from QH2 to cytochrome c, 4 protons pumped out of mitochondria and 2 removed from matrix

How many molecules of cytochrome c are reduced from QH2?

How many molecules of cytochrome c are reduced from QH2?

Answer: 2

What molecule generate by CAC reduces Q to QH2 which then enters the Q pool?

What molecule generate by CAC reduces Q to QH2 which then enters the Q pool?

Answer: FADH2

What molecule from CAC is part of the succinate-Q reductase complex (complex II)?

What molecule from CAC is part of the succinate-Q reductase complex (complex II)?

Answer: succinate dehydrogenase

What is the entry point for electrons from FADH2 of flavoproteins?

What is the entry point for electrons from FADH2 of flavoproteins?

Answer: ubiquinol

At What point do high potential electrons of NADH enter the respiratory chain?

At What point do high potential electrons of NADH enter the respiratory chain?

Answer: NADH Q oxidoreductase

What is complex II of ETC?

What is complex II of ETC?

Answer: succinate Q-reductase, delivers electrons from FADH2 to complex III

What are the 3 complexes of ETC?

What are the 3 complexes of ETC?

Answer:

complex I: NADH-Q oxidoreductase
complex III: Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
complex IV: cytochrome c oxidase

How do electrons flow in ETC?

How do electrons flow in ETC?

Answer: from NADH to O2

How are complexes associated with each other?

How are complexes associated with each other?

Answer: respirasome

What generates the proton gradient?

What generates the proton gradient?

Answer: electron flow within the complexes in the inner-mite membrane

What are the protein carriers?

What are the protein carriers?

Answer: flavin mononucleotide (FMN), iron-sulfur proteins (iron w/ 4 cystines), hemes & cytochromes, coenzyme Q (Q-pool)

What happens to electrons donated by NADH and FADH2?

What happens to electrons donated by NADH and FADH2?

Answer: passed to electron carriers in protein complexes

How many large protein complexes is the ETC composed of?

How many large protein complexes is the ETC composed of?

Answer: 4

What is a key feature of the ETC?

What is a key feature of the ETC?

Answer: e- flow to components with more (+) reduction potentials (higher affinity for e-)

What is oxidative phosphorylation dependent on?

What is oxidative phosphorylation dependent on?

Answer: electron transfer

What is redox potential?

What is redox potential?

Answer: the measure of electron transfer potential of an electron, tendency to donate or accept electrons (E0')