What is meant by hybridization. Use carbon as an example to explain.
Answer: The bringing of orbitals together to form a new type of orbital. This has to happen around an atom before it can bond with another atom. All atoms have different types of orbitals for their bonding (valence) electrons eg. Carbon has 1 in the s and 3 in the p (total 4). The s will have a different energy level from the p's and this is NOT OK to allow carbon to bond (all electrons must have same energy level). So by rearrangings (hybridizing) its orbital, carbon forms 4 sp3 ones which will have the same level of energy and thus allow it to bond with other atoms.
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MCAT
- What is the diff between average velocity and instantaneous velocity? Which is more important? Give the eq for each
- Draw a right angled triangle and label it to resolve for velocity components?
- What is cos^2theta + sin^2theta?
- Write out the chart for common angles and their sin and cosines?
- What is the difference between a vector and a scalar? Give two examples of each
- What are the 4 types of motion?
- What is the 5 point Verbal Strategy?
- What are the five excuses to explain organic chemistry? Describe them
- What are the angles and shapes for sp, sp2, sp3 hybridized orbitals?
- How many bonds will carbon, nitrogen, oxygen an hydrogen form and why?
- What are sigma and pi bonds?
- Describe the 3 types of major bonds and give examples?
- What the types of 4 structures important on the MCAT?
- What does the n, iso, sec and tert mean in naming organic compounds?
- Draw these functional groups alkane, alkene, alkyne, alcohol, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, ketone, ester, ether
- What are the prefixes for compounds with 1-10 carbons?