Identify whether or not perturbations A-D will affect the equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products in a gas-phase endothermic chemical reaction that involves one or more gases. If all have an effect on the equilibrium concentrations, select response E. Otherwise, identify the one that does not affect the equilibrium concentrations.
a. adding reactants to a gas or solution reaction
b. removing products from a gas or solution reaction
c. decreasing the temperature
d. increasing pressure by adding an inert gas to a reaction in the gas phase
e. All of the above are perturbations to chemical equilibrium.
Answer: d. increasing pressure by adding an inert gas to a reaction in the gas phase